4. Transforming and managing land and natural resources

This theme explores how occupation and use of the land, and exploitation of its natural resources, have transformed Victoria and shaped its diverse cultural landscapes. It recognises the rich evidence of Aboriginal occupation and survival throughout the state, despite the processes of dispossessing Aboriginal people of their land.

It also illustrates how the historical exploitation by European settlers of grasslands (which had been created partly by Aboriginal people’s burning regimes), and of minerals and forests, created the wealth that is reflected in many aspects of Victoria’s Colonial and post-Federation heritage. The Victorian gold rushes, for example, have left a huge cultural legacy.